Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu ndi chitukuko cha anthu, zofunikira za anthu za nsalu sizimangokhala ntchito zosavuta, komanso zimaganizira kwambiri chitetezo chawo ndi thanzi lawo, chitetezo cha chilengedwe chobiriwira komanso zachilengedwe.Masiku ano, pamene anthu amalimbikitsa kadyedwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zobiriwira, chitetezo cha nsalu chakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri.Funso loti ngati nsalu ndi zovulaza thupi la munthu lakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe anthu amalabadira kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ndi chakudya.
Zovala zimatanthawuza ulusi wachilengedwe ndi ulusi wamankhwala ngati zida zopangira, kupota, kuluka, kudaya ndi ukadaulo wina wokonza kapena kusoka, ukadaulo ndiukadaulo wina komanso zopangidwa ndi zinthu.Kuphatikizapo zovala zovala, nsalu zokongoletsera, mafakitale nsalu.
Zovala zovala zimaphatikizapo:(1) mitundu yonse ya zovala;(2) mitundu yonse ya nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala;(3) kuyika, padding, kudzaza, ulusi wokongoletsera, ulusi wosoka ndi zina zowonjezera nsalu.
Zovala zokongoletsera zimaphatikizapo: (1) zinthu zamkati - makatani (makatani, nsalu zotchinga), nsalu za patebulo (zopukutira, nsalu zapatebulo), nsalu zapampando (sofa waluso la nsalu, chivundikiro cha mipando), zokongoletsera zamkati (zokongoletsa pabedi, makapeti);(2) Zogona (zoyala, chivundikiro cha quilt, pillowcase, thaulo la pilo, etc.);(3) Zinthu zakunja (mahema, maambulera, ndi zina).
I .Kugwira ntchito kwachitetezo cha nsalu
(1) Zofunikira pakupanga mawonekedwe achitetezo.Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi:
1.Dimensional bata: imagawika makamaka kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuyeretsa kowuma komanso kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuchapa.Amatanthawuza kusinthika kwa nsalu mukatha kuchapa kapena kutsuka ndikuumitsa.Ubwino wa kukhazikika umakhudza mwachindunji mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa nsalu ndi kuvala zotsatira za zovala.
2.Kulimba kwa zomatira zomata: mu masuti, malaya ndi malaya, nsaluyo imakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa zomatira zopanda nsalu kapena zomatira zomata, kotero kuti nsaluyo imakhala ndi kuuma kofananira ndi kulimba, ndikupangitsa ogula kukhala kosavuta kupotoza ndi kutuluka. mawonekedwe povala, kusewera ngati "mafupa" a chovala.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kusunga mphamvu zomatira pakati pa zomatira ndi nsalu mutatha kuvala ndi kuchapa.
3.Pilling: Kupiritsa kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kupukuta kwa nsalu pambuyo pa kukangana.Kuwonekera kwa nsalu kumakhala koipitsitsa pambuyo pa mapiritsi, omwe amakhudza mwachindunji aesthetics.
4.Stitch slippage kapena slippage ya ulusi: kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwa ulusi kutali ndi msoko wa chala pamene chala chala chikugogomezedwa ndi kutambasula.Nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa slime crack of the seams yayikulu ya zovala monga msoko wa manja, armhole seam, side seam and back seam.The slippage digiri sakanakhoza kufika muyezo index, amene ankasonyeza kosayenera kasinthidwe wa warp ndi ulusi wokhotakhota mu akalowa zinthu ndi zomangira yaing'ono, amene mwachindunji anakhudza maonekedwe kuvala ngakhale sakanakhoza kuvala.
5.Kuthyola, kung'amba kapena kugwedeza, kuthyola mphamvu: kusweka mphamvu kumatsogolera nsalu kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu yowonongeka;misozi mphamvu amatanthauza nsalu nsalu ndi chinthu, mbedza, m'deralo nkhawa anang'ambika ndi mapangidwe ming'alu, ulusi kapena nsalu yogwira m'deralo, kotero kuti nsalu inang'ambika pakati, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kung'ambika: kuphulika, kuphulika pointer nsalu makina makina. mbali anaitanitsa kukulitsa ndi kuphulika chodabwitsa, zizindikiro izi ndi osayenera, mwachindunji zimakhudza zotsatira ntchito ndi moyo utumiki.
6.Zomwe zili mu fiber: zimayimira kuchuluka kwa ulusi ndi kuchuluka komwe kuli mu nsalu.Zomwe zili mu Fiber ndizofunika kwambiri zomwe zimalangiza ogula kugula chinthu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zomwe zimasankha mtengo wamtengo wapatali, zina zimadutsa dala nsapato, kupititsa kwachinyengo, chizindikiro china mwachisawawa, kusokoneza maganizo, kunyenga ogula.
7. kuvala kukana: kumatanthawuza mlingo wa kukana kwa nsalu kuvala, kuvala ndi mbali yaikulu ya kuwonongeka kwa nsalu, kumakhudza mwachindunji kulimba kwa nsalu.
8.Zofunikira zosokera zowonekera: kuphatikizapo kuyeza kwa zizindikiro, zolakwika zapamtunda, kusoka, kusita, ulusi, madontho ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu, ndi zina zotero, kuyesa maonekedwe mwa kuwerengera zolakwika.Makamaka, makanda monga gulu osatetezeka, wakhala cholinga chathu kuteteza chinthu, makanda ntchito nsalu ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zofunika ana tsiku ndi tsiku, chitetezo chake, chitonthozo, makolo ndi anthu onse ndi cholinga cha chidwi.Mwachitsanzo, zofunikira za mankhwala okhala ndi zipi, kutalika kwa chingwe, kukula kwa kolala, malo osokera a chizindikiro cholimba cha chizindikiro, zofunikira za zokongoletsera, ndi zofunikira za gawo losindikiza zonse zimakhudza chitetezo.
(2)Nsalu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zowonjezera ngakhale zili zovulaza.Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi:
Zomwe zili mu Formaldehyde:
1.Formaldehyde nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza utomoni wa ulusi wansalu ndi nsalu zosakanizidwa komanso kumaliza kumaliza kwa zinthu zina za zovala.Lili ndi ntchito za kusita kwaulere, kung'amba, kusachita makwinya komanso kuwononga mosavuta.Zovala zopangidwa ndi zovala zomwe zimakhala ndi formaldehyde kwambiri, formaldehyde m'kati mwa anthu ovala zimatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kupuma ndi kukhudzana ndi khungu kudzera m'thupi la munthu, formaldehyde m'thupi la kupuma kwa mucous nembanemba ndi khungu limatulutsa kukondoweza kwambiri, kumayambitsa matenda okhudzana ndi matenda. khansa, kudya kwanthawi yayitali kwa otsika ndende formaldehyde kungayambitse kusowa kwa njala, kuwonda, kufooka, chizindikiro monga kusowa tulo, Kuopsa kwa makanda kumawonetsedwa ngati mphumu, tracheitis, kuperewera kwa chromosomal, ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu.
2.PH mtengo
PH mtengo ndi index yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imasonyeza mphamvu ya asidi ndi alkalinity, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0 ~ 14 mtengo.Khungu la munthu limanyamula asidi ofooka kuti matenda asalowe.Chifukwa chake, nsalu, makamaka zopangidwa zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi khungu, zimakhala ndi chitetezo pakhungu ngati mtengo wa pH ukhoza kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa kusalowerera ndale mpaka kufooka kwa asidi.Ngati sichoncho, imatha kukwiyitsa khungu, kuwononga khungu, mabakiteriya, ndi matenda.
3.Kuthamanga kwamtundu
Kuthamanga kwamtundu kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa nsalu yopaka utoto kapena yosindikizidwa kuti isunge mtundu wake wakale ndi kuwala kwake (kapena kusazimiririka) pochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja panthawi yopaka utoto, kusindikiza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito.Kuthamanga kwamtundu sikungokhudzana ndi khalidwe la nsalu, komanso mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi thanzi ndi chitetezo cha thupi la munthu.Zovala, utoto kapena utoto wokhala ndi mtundu wocheperako zimatha kusamutsidwa mosavuta pakhungu, ndipo zinthu zovulaza za organic ndi ayoni olemera omwe ali mkati mwake amatha kuyamwa ndi thupi la munthu kudzera pakhungu.M'malo opepuka, amatha kupangitsa anthu kuyabwa;zikavuta kwambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa erythema ndi papules pakhungu, komanso kuyambitsa khansa.Makamaka, mlozera wamalovu ndi thukuta la mtundu wa zinthu za makanda ndizofunikira kwambiri.Makanda ndi ana amatha kuyamwa mtundu kudzera m'malovu ndi thukuta, ndipo utoto wovulaza wansalu umayambitsa mavuto kwa makanda ndi ana.
4.Kununkhira Kwachilendo
Zovala zosavomerezeka nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi fungo linalake, kukhalapo kwa fungo kumasonyeza kuti pali zotsalira za mankhwala ochulukirapo pansalu, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chosavuta kuti ogula aweruze.Pambuyo potsegula, nsalu imatha kuganiziridwa kuti ili ndi fungo ngati imva fungo la mafuta onunkhira, palafini, nsomba, kapena ma hydrocarbon onunkhira.
5.Kuletsedwa kwa Azo Dyes
Oletsedwa azo utoto wokha ndipo palibe mwachindunji carcinogenic zotsatira, koma mu mikhalidwe, makamaka osauka mtundu fastness, mbali ya utoto adzasamutsidwa kwa khungu la munthu kuchokera nsalu, mu ndondomeko yachibadwa kagayidwe ka secretions thupi la munthu. wa tizilombo catalysis pansi pa kuchepetsa onunkhira amine, pang'onopang'ono otengedwa ndi thupi la munthu kudzera pakhungu, kuchititsa matenda thupi, ndipo ngakhale choyambirira dongosolo DNA akhoza kusintha thupi la munthu, Iduces khansa ndi zina zotero.
6. Disperse Dyes
Matupi awo sagwirizana utoto ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse khungu, mucous nembanemba kapena kupuma kwa anthu kapena nyama.Pakali pano, mitundu 27 ya utoto wonyezimira wapezeka, kuphatikizapo mitundu 26 ya utoto wobalalitsa ndi mtundu umodzi wa utoto wa asidi.Utoto wa Disperse nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto wangwiro kapena wosakanizidwa wa polyester, polyamide ndi ulusi wa acetate.
7.Chitsulo cholemera kwambiri
Kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wazitsulo ndi gwero lofunikira la zitsulo zolemera mu nsalu ndi ulusi wa zomera zachilengedwe zimathanso kuyamwa zitsulo zolemera kuchokera ku dothi loipitsidwa kapena mpweya pakukula ndi kukonza.Kuphatikiza apo, zida za zovala monga zipper, mabatani amathanso kukhala ndi zinthu zachitsulo zaulere.Zotsalira zazitsulo zolemera kwambiri muzovala zimatha kuyambitsa kawopsedwe kakamwe kakamwedwa ndi thupi la munthu kudzera pakhungu.
8.Zotsalira Zamankhwala
Makamaka alipo mu chilengedwe CHIKWANGWANI (thonje) mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zotsalira mankhwala mu nsalu zambiri khola dongosolo, zovuta makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuwola, kawopsedwe, otengedwa ndi thupi la munthu kudzera pakhungu kudziunjikira bata lilipo mu zimakhala za thupi, komanso chiwindi, impso, mtima kudzikundikira minofu, monga kusokoneza yachibadwa katulutsidwe wa kaphatikizidwe mu thupi.Kutulutsa, metabolism, etc.
9.Kutentha kwa zovala zamtundu uliwonse
Ngakhale pali oposa khumi nsalu kuyaka ntchito mayeso njira, koma mfundo kuyezetsa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mmodzi ndi kuyesa kuwala nsalu chitsanzo mu woipa wosiyanasiyana wa mpweya, nayitrogeni, peresenti ya osachepera zofunika kupitiriza kuyaka. mu mpweya wosanganiza, okhutira mpweya (amatchedwanso malire mpweya index), ndi malire mpweya index anati kuyaka ntchito ya nsalu.Nthawi zambiri, m'munsi malire mpweya index, m'pamenenso nsalu ndi kuwotcha.Wachiwiri ndi kuona ndi kuyesa nsalu flame mfundo ndiyeno zimachitika kuyaka (kuphatikiza utsi kuyaka) Pansi pa mfundo yoyesera, pali zolozera zambiri kusonyeza ntchito kuyaka kwa nsalu.Pali zizindikiro zamtundu wofotokozera za kuyaka, monga ngati chitsanzocho chatenthedwa, kusungunuka, carbonization, pyrolysis, shrinkage, crimping ndi melt dropping, etc. kapena kuchuluka kwa kuyaka), nthawi yoyatsira, nthawi yopitilira, nthawi yofukiza, nthawi yofalikira lawi, malo owonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa moto, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-10-2021